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Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person experiences poor sleep or has trouble sleeping. Insomnia can involve:
Difficulty staying asleep (that is, waking up many times during the night), without necessarily having had any difficulty falling asleep
Waking up too early in the morning
Not feeling refreshed after a night's sleep.
In any of these cases the person feels tired the next day, or feels as if he or she did not have enough sleep.
Poor sleep for any length of time can lead to mood disturbances, lack of motivation, decreased attention span, trouble with concentration, low levels of energy, and increased fatigue.
About one-third of the average person's life is spent sleeping. Healthy sleep is vital to the human body and important for the optimal functioning of the brain and other organs.
Insomnia can have physical and psychological effects. The consequences of insomnia include:
Impaired mental functioning. Insomnia can affect concentration and memory, and can affect one's ability to perform daily tasks.
Accidents. Insomnia endangers public safety by contributing to traffic and industrial accidents. Various studies have shown that fatigue plays a major role in automobile and machinery accidents. As many as 100,000 automobile accidents, accounting for 1,500 deaths, are caused by sleepiness.
Stress and depression. Insomnia increases the activity of the hormones and pathways in the brain that cause stress, and changes in sleeping patterns have been shown to have significant affects on mood. Ongoing insomnia may be a sign of anxiety and depression.
Heart disease. One study reported that people with chronic insomnia had signs of heart and nervous system activity that might put them at risk for heart disease.
Headaches. Headaches that occur during the night or early in the morning may be related to a sleep disorder.
Economic effects. Insomnia costs the U.S. an estimated $100 billion each year in medical costs and decreased productivity.
If your insomnia lasts longer than a few weeks and is affecting your mood, relationships, and ability to function well, it is a good idea to see a doctor, therapist, or sleep specialist.
Computer-Related Eye Strain Not Just for Adults
Parents have two more items to add to their back-to-school checklist: an eye check for their
children and a review of their computer workstation for possible causes of eye strain.
One out of two children spends more than four hours a day in front of a computer screen, according to the American Optometric Association (AOA). But, the association addes, only 16 percent of adults worry that their children's eyes may be affected by such extended computer time.
The association warns that many children may be developing Computer Vision Syndrome due to prolonged computer use.
"Computer use is an increasing source of vision problems, and children may experience many of the same symptoms as adults. Too much time in front of a computer screen can lead to eye discomfort, fatigue, blurred vision and headaches.
According to the association, parents should be aware that an adult computer workstation may not be suited to a child, who may have to look up at a higher angle than an adult. Parents should invest in a chair that can be adjusted for the child's height. The recommended distance between the monitor and the eye for children is between 18 and 28 inches.
Children may work or play on a computer with a lot of glare for a long period of time without turning down the lights in the room to reduce the glare. Parents can check for sources of glare by sitting in front of the computer. Windows or other light sources should not be directly visible when sitting in front of the monitor. Holding a small mirror flat against the screen can help pinpoint light sources that are reflecting from above or behind.
At the same time, kids' eyes may lose the ability to focus on other objects because of extended computer time. The association recommends that children take at least a 20-second break for every 20 minutes of computer time.
The association recommends that parents take their children for an annual eye exam and discuss computer use with their eye doctor. According to the College of Optometrists in Vision Development, almost one in four school-age children has vision problems, but only 14 percent of children entering first grade have an eye exam.
The association also recommends that parents and teachers keep their eyes open for signs of eye strain in children, including eye redness, rubbing their eyes, head turns, complaints of blurriness or eye fatigue, or limited attention to visual tasks. Data provided by the association indicates that nearly half of parents don't realize that behavioral problems can be a sign of impaired vision
This ancient mosque is located in an old graveyard which is on the top of a hill. A wooden inscription in the mosque displays the date 852 AH. as the repairing date of the mosque. So this shows that it was constructed much before this date and could be related to the early centuries of the Islamic era.
Entrance of Sheikh Sadune Mosque (Bushehr)
Entrance of Sheikh Sadune Mosque
This mosque is also known as the Masjed Shah and Masjed Kufi, constructed by an Arab called Sheikh and at present religious mourning ceremonies being held here.
Samarra Added to UN Heritage Sites
Twenty-two sites have been granted the coveted World Heritage status by UNESCO, the UN's culture organization.
They rangefrom a Roman palace to a modernist university campus to the embattled Iraqi city of Samarra.
UNESCO also took the unprecedented step of removing a site from its list, punishing the government of Oman for failing to protect the Arabian Oryx Sanctuary.
The oryx population has dropped from several hundred to a few dozen in a decade and now faces extinction.
The final list of sites was announced after a week of deliberations by a UNESCO committee meeting in Christchurch, New Zealand.
The body says the prestige of being added to the list helps raise awareness of the importance of protecting and conserving heritage sites.
The Iraqi shrine city of Samarra, once a powerful Islamic capital and today the repeated target of terrorists' bombings, was both listed as a World Heritage site and as a site in danger.
A bombing in 2006 destroyed the shrine's golden dome which sparked Muslims' anger. A follow-up attack earlier this month destroyed the shrine's two gold-covered minarets.
In the Asia-Pacific region, Australia's iconic Sydney Opera House got the listing 34 years after it was built by Danish architect Jorn Utzon.
The committee described it as "a great urban sculpture set in a remarkable waterscape" with "an enduring influence on architecture".
India got a new listing with its Red Fort complex, built as the palace fort of Shahjahanabad, the new capital of Shahjahan, the fifth Mughal Emperor of India who reigned from 1628 to 1658.
China's Kaiping site in Guangdong Province features 1,800 multi-storied defensive village houses displaying a flamboyant fusion of Chinese and Western forms built in response to banditry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the committee said.
In Europe, the 3rd century Roman fortified palace of Galerius or Gamzigrad-Romuliana, in eastern Serbia, joined the list of international treasures.
The French port city of Bordeaux was listed as an "outstanding urban and architectural ensemble of the Age of Enlightenment".
Teide National Park, on the Spanish island of Tenerife, was named as a natural World Heritage site. The primeval beech forests of the Carpathians in eastern Europe were also named on the natural list.
In the Americas, the committee added the Central University City Campus in Mexico City, built from 1949 to 1952 by more than 60 architects, engineers and artists.
"Universally recognized, the campus is one of the most significant icons of modernity in Latin America," the committee said.
Canada's Rideau Canal was listed as the best preserved canal in North America from the great canal-building era of the 19th century to remain operational along its original line with most of its original structures intact.
